If you’ve followed Java over the last several years, you’ve likely noticed a dramatic acceleration in its release schedule. Gone are the days of waiting multiple years for a new version. Today, a new Java release arrives like clockwork every six months.

This rapid pace can be confusing. Is every new version meant for production? Is Java 15 the same as Java 17? The answer lies in understanding the crucial difference between the two types of releases that define modern Java: Feature Releases and Long-Term Support (LTS) Releases.

The Two Tracks of Java Evolution

Since Java 9, the platform has followed a predictable, time-based release model designed to serve two different audiences: developers who want the latest features now, and enterprises that need stability and long-term predictability.

1. Feature Releases (Non-LTS)

These are the regular, six-month releases that bring a steady stream of new features, enhancements, and preview APIs to the platform.

  • Versions: 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, etc.
  • Purpose: To get new language and platform features into the hands of developers quickly, allowing for rapid innovation and feedback.
  • Support Model: Short-term. A feature release is only supported for six months, until the next feature release is available. They are not intended for long-term production deployment unless you have a team prepared to upgrade every six months.

2. Long-Term Support (LTS) Releases

Every two years, one of the feature releases is designated as an LTS release. This version becomes the new stable baseline for the entire ecosystem.

  • Versions: 8 (the last of the old model), 11, 17, 21, and so on.
  • Purpose: To provide a stable, secure, and predictable platform for large-scale, enterprise applications. This is the version that most companies build on.
  • Support Model: Long-term. LTS versions receive years of security updates and bug fixes from Oracle and other vendors (like Red Hat, Amazon, and Microsoft). This allows companies to deploy an application and maintain it for years without needing to re-qualify it on a new Java version.

The Official LTS Lineup

The designated Long-Term Support versions in the modern release era are:

  • Java 8
  • Java 11 (September 2018)
  • Java 17 (September 2021)
  • Java 21 (September 2023)

Notice that Java 15 is not on this list. While it introduced crucial features like standard Records and Text Blocks, it was a feature release whose support ended when Java 16 was released.

Visualizing the Release Timeline

This timeline makes the pattern clear. The LTS releases are the stable anchors in a sea of rapid feature delivery.

timeline title Java Release Cadence section Pre-Cadence 2014 : Java 8 **(LTS)** section Modern Cadence (6-month releases) 2017 : Java 9 (Modules) 2018 : Java 10 (var) : Java 11 **(LTS)** 2019 : Java 12 (Switch Expressions Preview) : Java 13 (Text Blocks Preview) 2020 : Java 14 (Records Preview) : Java 15 (Records & Text Blocks Standard) 2021 : Java 16 (Pattern Matching) : Java 17 **(LTS)** 2022 : Java 18 : Java 19 (Virtual Threads Preview) 2023 : Java 20 : Java 21 **(LTS)**

Which Version Should You Use?

  • For Production Applications: You should almost always target the latest LTS release (currently Java 21). This gives you access to a modern feature set combined with the peace of mind of long-term security and stability.
  • For Libraries and Frameworks: Library authors often support the last two or three LTS versions to provide broad compatibility.
  • For Personal Projects or Learning: Use the absolute latest feature release! It’s the best way to experiment with new features and stay on the cutting edge of the language.

Understanding this dual-track release model is key to navigating the modern Java ecosystem. It’s a system designed to deliver both rapid innovation and enterprise-grade stability, ensuring Java remains a powerful and relevant platform for years to come.